{"id":7151,"date":"2025-12-26T15:16:31","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T15:16:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ornbardur.com\/2025\/12\/26\/byltingarkennd-merking-jolanna\/"},"modified":"2025-12-26T15:16:31","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T15:16:31","slug":"byltingarkennd-merking-jolanna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/?p=7151","title":{"rendered":"Byltingarkennd merking j\u00f3lanna"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rupert Shortt \u00ed The Spectator \u00e1 j\u00f3ladag 25. desember 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/spectator.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/GettyImages-72529281.jpg?w=730\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Barni\u00f0 Jes\u00fas &#8211; Getty images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00de\u00f3 a\u00f0 s\u00fdnin \u00e1 j\u00f3lin s\u00e9 st\u00f6\u00f0nu\u00f0 og g\u00f6llu\u00f0, \u00fe\u00e1 dregur d\u00e1lkah\u00f6fundur The Guardian [einn af lei\u00f0andi mi\u00f0lum til vinstri \u00ed Bretlandi], Polly Toynbee, saman r\u00f6ksemdir efahyggjumanna \u00e1 afhj\u00fapandi h\u00e1tt. B\u00f3kin, sem kom \u00fat fyrir \u00feremur \u00e1rum, er yfirgripsmikil. \u00dear er tekist \u00e1 vi\u00f0 neikv\u00e6\u00f0a gagnr\u00fdni sem komi\u00f0 hefur fram \u00e1rlega \u00ed desemberm\u00e1nu\u00f0i af h\u00e1lfu bandamanna efans \u00e1ratugum saman. \u201eEins og m\u00e9r milsl\u00edkar flest \u00ed kristinni tr\u00fa, \u00fe\u00e1 er t\u00e1knmyndin af stj\u00f6rnu, fj\u00e1rh\u00fasi, j\u00f6tu, konungum og hir\u00f0um, sem heilsa n\u00fdju barni, alheimst\u00e1kn mennskunnar &#8230; En restin finnst m\u00e9r andstyggileg. Hvers vegna a\u00f0 bera \u00e1 s\u00e9r t\u00e1kn barbar\u00edskrar pyntingar? P\u00edslarv\u00e6tti er andstyggileg dygg\u00f0, eins og a\u00f0 leggja \u00e1 sig \u00e6varandi sektarkennd.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/pub-c849b6aaf98340c4bec7b480b0f7ffe9.r2.dev\/2025\/12\/byltingarkennd-merking-jolanna-1.m4a\"><\/audio><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sannf\u00e6ring kristninnar er s\u00fa a\u00f0 Gu\u00f0 endurskapi mannlegt e\u00f0li me\u00f0 varnarlausri \u00e1st, frekar en me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00faa til f\u00e1na \u00e1 himnum me\u00f0 \u00e1letruninni \u201e\u00c9G ER H\u00c9R, F\u00cdFLIN YKKAR\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toynbee setur s\u00ed\u00f0an fram s\u00edna eigin hetjulegu go\u00f0sagnager\u00f0 um \u201eofst\u00e6kisfulla frumkristna, sem leyf\u00f0u enga villutr\u00fa, brutu ni\u00f0ur musteri og brenndu forna klass\u00edska texta\u201c. N\u00e6stum allar \u00feessar fullyr\u00f0ingar eru anna\u00f0 hvort bygg\u00f0ar \u00e1 misskilningi, eru eins\u00fdnar e\u00f0a beinl\u00ednis \u00f3sannar. Samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur dafna sl\u00edkar fr\u00e1sagnir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hvernig getur einl\u00e6gt tr\u00faa\u00f0 f\u00f3lk svara\u00f0 sl\u00edku \u00ed samhengi sem vi\u00f0urkennt er a\u00f0 einkennist af h\u00e1v\u00e6rum og illa uppl\u00fdstum gagnr\u00fdnendum? \u00cd fyrsta lagi me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a s\u00f6gulegar og andlegar fullyr\u00f0ingar. Toynbee gefur heildars\u00f6gu kirkjunnar hr\u00e6\u00f0ilegan d\u00f3m. Lestu skrif raunverulegra s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0inga \u00e1 \u00feessu svi\u00f0i eins og Tom Holland e\u00f0a David Bentley Hart e\u00f0a Lucy Beckett, til samanbur\u00f0ar, og \u00fe\u00e1 f\u00e6r\u00f0u s\u00e9\u00f0 hvernig t\u00falkun fylgjenda Jes\u00fa b\u00e6tti heiminn. Tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0 fyrir Krist kv\u00e1\u00f0u reglulega \u00e1 um sj\u00e1lfsska\u00f0a og mannf\u00f3rnir. Hinir veiku voru fyrirlitnir. \u00c1hersla kristninnar \u00e1 r\u00f3tt\u00e6kt jafnr\u00e9tti allra og stofnun sj\u00fakrah\u00fasa, sk\u00f3la og annarra g\u00f3\u00f0ger\u00f0arstofnana var sannarlega byltingarkennd. L\u00f6ggj\u00f6f sem sett var undir r\u00f3mverskum keisurum t.d. \u00dee\u00f3d\u00f3s\u00edusi II og Konstant\u00ednusi lyfti upp st\u00f6\u00f0u kvenna. Jafnvel \u00fer\u00e6lahald \u2013 stofnun sem var sameiginleg \u00f6llum samf\u00e9l\u00f6gum fyrir okkar t\u00edma og n\u00e1\u00f0i \u00e1kve\u00f0nu stigi au\u00f0s\u00f6fnunar \u2013 var l\u00fdst sem gu\u00f0lasti strax \u00e1 fj\u00f3r\u00f0u \u00f6ld af hinum \u00e1hrifamikla hugsu\u00f0i Gregor\u00edusi fr\u00e1 Nyssa. Rit hans \u00e1ttu traustar r\u00e6tur \u00ed N\u00fdja testamentinu. [NT var rita\u00f0 \u00e1 1. \u00f6ld]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Upptalningin heldur \u00e1fram: \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir \u00fer\u00e1l\u00e1tar kvartanir um meintan \u00f3samr\u00fdmanleika v\u00edsinda og tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0a er \u00fea\u00f0 engin tilviljun a\u00f0 n\u00fat\u00edmav\u00edsindi ur\u00f0u til me\u00f0al kristinna hugsu\u00f0a. K\u00f3pernikus, Kepler, Galile\u00f3, Descartes, Newton og Leibnitz voru allir einl\u00e6gir tr\u00famenn og snillingar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Til a\u00f0 s\u00fdna Toynbee sanngirni \u00fe\u00e1 eru efasemdir hennar d\u00fdpri. Henni finnst hin kristna heimss\u00fdn sem sl\u00edk \u2013 s\u00e9rstaklega hugmyndin um fri\u00f0\u00fe\u00e6gingu \u2013 f\u00e1r\u00e1nleg. Henni finnst kristnir menn grimmilega ford\u00f3mafullir og svo vir\u00f0ast \u00feeir einnig upphefja og d\u00fdrka s\u00e1rsauka og \u00fej\u00e1ningu. \u00c9g efast ekki um a\u00f0 sumar t\u00falkanir \u00e1 krossfestingunni \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar si\u00f0askiptanna s\u00e9u rangar e\u00f0a \u00f3a\u00f0la\u00f0andi. En \u00fear sem engin \u00feeirra er bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 [\u00e1 kenningum] fyrstu aldar er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 flokka \u00fe\u00e6r undir r\u00e9tttr\u00fana\u00f0. Fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn Rowan Williams [fv. erkibiskups af Kantaraborg] af Golgata, er \u00ed senn hef\u00f0bundin og a\u00f0la\u00f0andi og endurskilgreinir hlutina \u00e1 eftirfarandi h\u00e1tt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201eSagan um l\u00edf og dau\u00f0a [Jes\u00fa] bi\u00f0ur okkur a\u00f0 l\u00edta \u00e1 pers\u00f3nu sem stendur \u00ed vegi fyrir \u00f3b\u00e6rilegri byr\u00f0i haturs, \u00f3tta, sektarkenndar, \u00f3tta og tortryggni, sem ste\u00f0jar a\u00f0 okkur og segir: \u201eHva\u00f0 gerist ef \u00e9g horfist \u00ed augu vi\u00f0 og innbyr\u00f0i allt \u00feetta \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 mi\u00f0la \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1fram til annarra? Taktu eftir hva\u00f0 getur gerst \u00ed kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0. Treystu. \u00c1hrifin g\u00e6tu reynst vera meiri en \u00fe\u00fa hef\u00f0ir geta\u00f0 gert \u00fe\u00e9r \u00ed hugarlund.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00deetta or\u00f0f\u00e6ri teygir r\u00e6tur s\u00ednar aftur um 1600 \u00e1r, til \u00feess veruleika sem talinn er vera kjarninn \u00ed hinu mikla drama. Ekki Gu\u00f0 sem sl\u00edkur, heldur Gu\u00f0 &#8220;af&#8221; Gu\u00f0i. Me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um \u00fe\u00e1 skvettist gu\u00f0d\u00f3murinn fr\u00e1 eil\u00edf\u00f0inni yfir \u00ed heim t\u00edmans. \u00c1 \u00feeim t\u00edma \u00feegar j\u00e1tningarnar voru samdar, voru kristnir s\u00e9rstaklega \u00fej\u00e1lfa\u00f0ir \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed hvernig skilgreina m\u00e6tti \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 hi\u00f0 heilaga hafi streymt inn \u00ed heiminn \u00ed gegnum Jes\u00fa, en skili\u00f0 Gu\u00f0 eftir \u00f3breyttan. \u00deegar einn logi er kveiktur af \u00f6\u00f0rum, logar uppsprettan jafn sk\u00e6rt og \u00e1\u00f0ur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kannski kemur \u00feessi vitund okkur \u00e1 \u00f3vart og kastar okkur aftur inn \u00ed j\u00f3lat\u00edmann. Toynbee missir einnig af mikilv\u00e6gum tengslum milli j\u00f3la og p\u00e1ska. F\u00e6\u00f0ing Jes\u00fa hleypir af stokkunum endursko\u00f0un \u00e1 hugmyndum um Gu\u00f0 sem b\u00e6\u00f0i tr\u00faa\u00f0ir og vantr\u00faa\u00f0ir deila. Leggjum til hli\u00f0ar um stund j\u00f3las\u00f6ngvana sem fjalla um snj\u00f3 og s\u00e6tt barn. Hugsum frekar um or\u00f0 [\u00far N\u00edkeuj\u00e1tningunn fr\u00e1 325] sem vekja hugann og sveigja: &#8220;Gu\u00f0 af Gu\u00f0i, lj\u00f3s af lj\u00f3si, sannan Gu\u00f0 af s\u00f6nnum Gu\u00f0i, getinn, ekki gj\u00f6r\u00f0an &#8230; e\u00f0a \u201eGu\u00f0s kristni \u00ed heimi, krj\u00fap vi\u00f0 j\u00f6tu l\u00e1ga.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00deessa l\u00edfgandi hugmynd m\u00e1 or\u00f0a beint \u00fat. Fr\u00e1 kristnu sj\u00f3narhorni er ekkert \u00ed Gu\u00f0i sem ei gefur e\u00f0a deilir me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum. Gu\u00f0d\u00f3mlegt e\u00f0li heldur ekki aftur af s\u00e9r \u00e1 neinn h\u00e1tt. \u00deetta n\u00e6rir ekki a\u00f0eins tr\u00fana \u00e1 \u201er\u00f6k\u201c \u00ferenningartr\u00faarinnar \u2013 kenninguna um a\u00f0 l\u00edf Gu\u00f0s s\u00e9 eil\u00edflega marka\u00f0 k\u00e6rleiksr\u00edku sambandi \u2013 heldur gefur einnig \u00ed skyn hugmyndina um h\u00e6fni sk\u00f6punarverksins sj\u00e1lfs til hins sama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0in kennd vi\u00f0 Abraham eru samm\u00e1la um a\u00f0 heimurinn s\u00e9 gj\u00f6f sem endurspegli gu\u00f0legt \u00f6rl\u00e6ti. \u00deetta sj\u00f3narhorn er styrkt af form\u00e1la J\u00f3hannesargu\u00f0spjalls, \u00fear sem fullyrt er a\u00f0 or\u00f0 Gu\u00f0s \u2013 gu\u00f0d\u00f3mleg skynsemi og viska \u2013 uppl\u00fdsi allt mannkyni\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00deannig a\u00f0 \u00ed j\u00f3lunum er \u00ed senn samfella og r\u00f3tt\u00e6k breyting \u00ed t\u00edmans r\u00e1s. \u00cd tr\u00fa kristinna er eins og l\u00edf Gu\u00f0s og verk s\u00e9u r\u00e9tt undir yfirbor\u00f0i veraldar sem br\u00fdst \u00ed gegnum skelina sem uppspretta. [Vi\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar \u00feekkjum hverina sem rj\u00fafa yfirbor\u00f0i\u00f0 og streyma fram og verma]. Lykilatri\u00f0i \u00ed kenningum kirkjunnar er a\u00f0 skapari okkar rj\u00fafi ekki \u00ed sundur sk\u00f6punarverki\u00f0 til a\u00f0 finna n\u00fdja lei\u00f0 til a\u00f0 vera me\u00f0 okkur.  Hinn gu\u00f0legi kraftur starfar ekki me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 brj\u00f3tast inn \u00ed heiminn, heldur me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 metta hann innan fr\u00e1. Sk\u00fdr \u00fatg\u00e1fa af bo\u00f0skapnum kemur fram \u00ed s\u00e1lminum \u2018Englak\u00f3r fr\u00e1 himnah\u00f6ll\u2019 [\u2018Hark the Herald Angels Sing\u2019: \u2018Veiled in flesh the godhead see, hail the incarnate deity . . . Pleased as man with man to dwell.\u2019]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cd grunninn er \u00fev\u00ed sannf\u00e6ring kristinnar tr\u00faar s\u00fa, a\u00f0 Gu\u00f0 endurskapi mannlegt e\u00f0li me\u00f0 varnarlausri \u00e1st, frekar en me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00faa til f\u00e1na \u00e1 himni me\u00f0 \u00e1letruninni \u201e\u00c9G ER H\u00c9R, F\u00cdFLIN YKKAR\u201c, eins og b\u00f3kmenntagagnr\u00fdnandinn Terry Eagleton hefur kaldh\u00e6\u00f0nislega saka\u00f0 Richard Dawkins og a\u00f0ra n\u00fdtr\u00faleysingja um a\u00f0 krefjast. \u00cd stuttu m\u00e1li felst h\u00e1tign Gu\u00f0s \u00ed j\u00e1ryr\u00f0i hans um a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a sk\u00f6pun, sam\u00feykki sem finnur sitt nau\u00f0synlega r\u00fdmi \u00ed vilja Krists um a\u00f0 lifa og deyja l\u00edfinu og dau\u00f0anum sem honum var \u00fathluta\u00f0. \u00deessi tv\u00f6 sam\u00feykki eru \u00f3rj\u00fafanlega tengd, \u00fear sem mannlegur vilji ver\u00f0ur \u2013 \u00ed fr\u00e6gri l\u00edkingu \u2013 a\u00f0 \u201etungu\u201c hins gu\u00f0d\u00f3mlega vilja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u00f0ra gamla myndl\u00edkingu m\u00e1 nota: meistarasmi\u00f0ur, sem horfir \u00e1 skemmt hlj\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e6ri, g\u00e6ti sagt a\u00f0 hann g\u00e6ti gert vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 me\u00f0 l\u00edmi. En l\u00edmi\u00f0 muni ekki n\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00fea\u00f0 er f\u00e6rt um a\u00f0 gera nema handverksma\u00f0urinn vinni fyrst me\u00f0 \u00e1fer\u00f0 vi\u00f0arins. H\u00e9r liggur fyrir riss af holdgunartr\u00fa \u2013 og \u00ed gegnum hana byltingarkennd tr\u00fa sem vert er a\u00f0 taka alvarlega, hvort sem ma\u00f0ur sam\u00feykkir hana \u00ed eigin pers\u00f3nu e\u00f0a ekki.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rupert Shortt \u00ed The Spectator \u00e1 j\u00f3ladag 25. desember 2025 \u00de\u00f3 a\u00f0 s\u00fdnin \u00e1 j\u00f3lin s\u00e9 st\u00f6\u00f0nu\u00f0 og g\u00f6llu\u00f0, \u00fe\u00e1 dregur d\u00e1lkah\u00f6fundur The Guardian [einn af lei\u00f0andi mi\u00f0lum til vinstri \u00ed Bretlandi], Polly Toynbee, saman r\u00f6ksemdir efahyggjumanna \u00e1 afhj\u00fapandi h\u00e1tt. B\u00f3kin, sem kom \u00fat fyrir \u00feremur \u00e1rum, er yfirgripsmikil. \u00dear er tekist \u00e1 vi\u00f0 neikv\u00e6\u00f0a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-greinar-og-hugvekjur-articles"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7151","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7151"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7151\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}