{"id":3248,"date":"2022-05-28T18:08:05","date_gmt":"2022-05-28T18:08:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ornbardur.com\/2022\/05\/28\/um-putin-faveldi-og-fasisma\/"},"modified":"2022-05-28T18:08:05","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T18:08:05","slug":"um-putin-faveldi-og-fasisma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/?p=3248","title":{"rendered":"Um P\u00fat\u00edn, f\u00e1veldi og fasisma"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6rn B\u00e1r\u00f0ur J\u00f3nsson<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Greinina getur\u00f0u lesi\u00f0 a\u00f0 baki \u00feessum tengli og\/e\u00f0a hlusta\u00f0 \u00e1 hlj\u00f3\u00f0uppt\u00f6ku sem tekur r\u00famar 8 m\u00edn\u00fatur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/pub-c849b6aaf98340c4bec7b480b0f7ffe9.r2.dev\/2022\/05\/um-pucc81ticc81n-facc81veldi-og-fasisma.m4a\"><\/audio><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00deeir eru oft nefndir \u00ed fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lum og kalla\u00f0ir \u00f3l\u00edgarkar. Hva\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f3sk\u00f6punum er n\u00fa \u00fea\u00f0?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d3l\u00edgark\u00ed er komi\u00f0 \u00far gr\u00edsku, mynda\u00f0 af tveimur or\u00f0um: <em>oligos<\/em> sem merkir f\u00e1ir og <em>arkhes<\/em> stj\u00f3rnandi. \u00d3l\u00edgark\u00ed merkir \u00fear me\u00f0 f\u00e1mennisstj\u00f3rn, f\u00e1veldi og v\u00edsar til f\u00e1menns h\u00f3ps sem hefur s\u00e9rst\u00f6\u00f0u, hefur komist \u00ed \u00e1lnir me\u00f0 vafas\u00f6mum h\u00e6tti eins og r\u00fassnesku \u00f3l\u00edgarkarnir, sem st\u00e1lu \u00f6llum helstu innvi\u00f0um lands s\u00edns \u00feegar Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin hrundu. \u00deeir komu svo \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00e1 gr\u00edsku er kalla\u00f0 <em>klept\u00f3krat\u00ed<\/em> og mynda\u00f0 af tveimur or\u00f0stofnum: <em>klepto<\/em> &#8211; \u00e9g stel og or\u00f0inu <em>kratos<\/em> &#8211; stj\u00f3rn. \u00c1 \u00edslensku eigum vi\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3fr\u00e6\u00f0i. R\u00fasslandi n\u00fat\u00edmans er st\u00fdrt af f\u00e1um, ofurr\u00edkum \u00fej\u00f3fum. \u00dear er ekkert l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i heldur bara \u00fej\u00f3f- og f\u00e1r\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u00fat\u00edn bj\u00f3 vi\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f6ngan kost sem barn. Fj\u00f6lskyldan bj\u00f3 \u00ed l\u00edtilli \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0 \u00ed fj\u00f6lb\u00fdlish\u00fasi. \u00dear var hvorki heitt vatn n\u00e9 ba\u00f0herbergi, illa lyktandi kl\u00f3sett og st\u00f6\u00f0ugar deilur. Hann var\u00f0i mestu af t\u00edma s\u00edn \u00ed a\u00f0 elta rottur \u00ed stigaganginum, segir hann sj\u00e1lfur \u00ed vi\u00f0talsb\u00f3kinni, First Person, \u00fear sem \u00fer\u00edr r\u00fassneskir bla\u00f0amenn r\u00e6\u00f0a vi\u00f0 hann. Hann var f\u00e1t\u00e6kur, sm\u00e1vaxinn, undirm\u00e1lsdrengur, sem var\u00f0 fyrir einelti og vann sig \u00fat \u00far \u00fev\u00ed me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 n\u00e1 t\u00f6kum \u00e1 slagsm\u00e1lum og kn\u00e9setja kvalara s\u00edna. Afar skiljanlegt \u00ed h\u00f6r\u00f0um heimi. En svo var hann kominn \u00ed leyni\u00fej\u00f3nustuna fyrir e\u00f0a um tv\u00edtugt og var \u00fear \u00feanga\u00f0 til hann smaug um allt \u00ed hinu fallna r\u00edki og komst til meiri og meiri valda. Hann hefur \u00fev\u00ed aldrei &#8211; og \u00fe\u00e1 meina \u00e9g ALDREI &#8211; b\u00fai\u00f0 vi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i, frj\u00e1lsar kosningar, mannr\u00e9ttindi, heldur alla s\u00edna \u00e6vi vi\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag, \u00fear sem beitt var ofbeldi, pyntingum, eitrunum, aft\u00f6kum og lygum &#8211; miklum lygum og blekkingum. Hann \u00feekkir ekki Vesturl\u00f6nd og \u00feau gildi sem \u00fear liggja til grundvallar velfer\u00f0 og fri\u00f0i. Nei, hann skilur ekki sl\u00edkt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Einn helsti hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0ingur hans er l\u00f6ngu l\u00e1tinn, en hann l\u00e9t flytja l\u00edkamsleyfar hans, heim til R\u00fasslands fr\u00e1 Sviss, \u00fear sem hann d\u00f3 \u00ed \u00fatleg\u00f0, og fer n\u00fa reglulega a\u00f0 gr\u00f6f hans \u00ed R\u00fasslandi me\u00f0 bl\u00f3m og vitnar \u00ed hann \u00ed r\u00e6\u00f0um \u00feegar hann reynir a\u00f0 tj\u00e1 s\u00edna eigin hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i um vald og stj\u00f3rn \u00e1 landinu. \u00deessi R\u00fassi h\u00e9t Ivan Ilyin (1883-1954) og var einn helsti hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0ingur fasismans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1309\" height=\"1373\" src=\"http:\/\/localhost:8081\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_1408.jpg?w=976\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3246\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hvers vegna eru l\u00edfskj\u00f6r betri \u00ed sumum l\u00f6ndum og meiri vir\u00f0ing borin fyrir mannr\u00e9ttindum me\u00f0an \u00f6nnur hallast a\u00f0 har\u00f0stj\u00f3rn? \u00c1ri\u00f0 2018 gaf bandar\u00edskur rith\u00f6fundur og pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed sagnfr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 Yale h\u00e1sk\u00f3lann, Timothy Snyder, \u00fat ritger\u00f0 \u00fear sem hann greindi hinn r\u00fassneska tr\u00faar- og stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0ing, Ivan Ilyin. Ilyin m\u00f3ta\u00f0i hinar frumspekilegu e\u00f0a metaf\u00eds\u00edsku og si\u00f0fer\u00f0islegu e\u00f0a m\u00f3r\u00f6lsku r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tingar fyrir alr\u00e6\u00f0i og f\u00e9kk r\u00e1\u00f0am\u00f6nnum framt\u00ed\u00f0arinnar \u00ed R\u00fasslandi \u00ed hendur skipulag af ekta fasistar\u00edki, ekta fas\u00edsku R\u00fasslandi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Snyder l\u00edkir kenningum Ilyins, eins og \u00feau hafi sprotti\u00f0 upp \u00far samtali R\u00fassa, Satans og Gu\u00f0s og \u00feannig hafi fasisminn \u00ed raun or\u00f0i\u00f0 til. Ilyin var enginn venjulegur kristinn ma\u00f0ur. Hann tr\u00fa\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 Gu\u00f0 hef\u00f0i skapa\u00f0 heiminn og \u00e6tla\u00f0 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 lj\u00faka verkinu, en hafi sleppt upprunasyndinni lausri og fali\u00f0 hana \u00ed sk\u00f6mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cd augum Ilyins eykur n\u00fat\u00edmasamf\u00e9lagi\u00f0, me\u00f0 s\u00ednum fj\u00f6lbreytileika og borgaralegum r\u00e9ttindum, mannlegum hugsunum og tilfinningum, vald Satans \u00e1 me\u00f0an Gu\u00f0 er \u00ed \u00fatleg\u00f0. Ilyin leit ekki \u00e1 s\u00f6guna sem r\u00f6klega \u00fatsk\u00fdringu fyrir samt\u00edmann, heldur sv\u00edvir\u00f0ilega, merkingarlausa og synduga. Hinsta von hans var r\u00e9ttl\u00e1t \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 sem fylgja mundi lei\u00f0toga s\u00ednum inn \u00ed p\u00f3l\u00edt\u00edskt alr\u00e6\u00f0i, sem svo ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 einum \u00f3dau\u00f0legum, lifandi veruleika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hin sameinandi meginregla heimsins er hi\u00f0 eina g\u00f3\u00f0a \u00ed alheimi og allar lei\u00f0ir a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed marki eru r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tanlegar. Taki\u00f0 eftir a\u00f0 h\u00e9r helgar tilgangurinn me\u00f0ali\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c1 \u00feennan h\u00e1tt \u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0i Ivan Ilyin kenningu s\u00edna um r\u00fassneskan fasisma. Meginhugtaki\u00f0 var &#8220;l\u00f6g&#8221; e\u00f0a &#8220;l\u00f6gleg me\u00f0vitund.&#8221; \u00deessar hugmyndir t\u00f3ku einhverjum breytingum eftir R\u00fassnesku byltinguna (1917-1923). Fyrir hana tr\u00fa\u00f0i Ilyin \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00f6gin mundu hj\u00e1lpa R\u00fassum a\u00f0 sameinast alheimsvitundinni og breyta R\u00fasslandi \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmalegt r\u00edki. Og eftir byltinguna, var\u00f0 hann viss um a\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6k me\u00f0vitund &#8211; &#8220;s\u00e1l&#8221; &#8211; ekki &#8220;hugur&#8221;- mundi gera R\u00fassum kleift a\u00f0 l\u00edta \u00e1 einr\u00e6\u00f0isvaldi\u00f0 sem l\u00f6gm\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00fassneska r\u00edkjasambandi\u00f0 var\u00f0 til eftir hrun Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna, l\u00f6ngu eftir dau\u00f0a Ilyins, en r\u00edki\u00f0 hefur \u00fe\u00f3 ekki enn sta\u00f0fest a\u00f0 me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum skuli land byggja og a\u00f0 s\u00fa skuli vera undirsta\u00f0a stj\u00f3rnvalda. A\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti fylgja r\u00fassnesk yfirv\u00f6ld hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i Ilyins n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega og \u00e1 skapandi h\u00e1tt. Samkv\u00e6mt kenningum hans voru \u00fea\u00f0 st\u00f3r mist\u00f6k a\u00f0 koma ekki \u00e1 reglunni um a\u00f0 valdi\u00f0 skuli hv\u00edla \u00e1 l\u00f6gum. \u00dea\u00f0 leiddi til \u00feess sem kalla m\u00e1 samvisku R\u00fassa \u00e1 20. \u00f6ld. \u00c1 yfirstandandi \u00f6ld hafa r\u00fassneskir lei\u00f0togar nota\u00f0 hugmyndir Ilyins til a\u00f0 gera efnahagslegan \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ardygg\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u00fat\u00edn, n\u00faverandi forseti R\u00fasslands, notar hugmyndir Ilyins um landap\u00f3lit\u00edk (geopolitics) \u00e1 \u00feann h\u00e1tt a\u00f0 beina sj\u00f3num f\u00f3lks fr\u00e1 innri vandam\u00e1lum R\u00fasslands og a\u00f0 spillingu \u00ed \u00fatl\u00f6ndum. \u00c1 grunni kenningar Ilyins ver\u00f0ur gagnr\u00fdnin a\u00f0 einskonar tr\u00faarofst\u00e6ki, sem telur R\u00fasslandi \u00f3gna\u00f0 af spilltum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um; Bandar\u00edkjunum, \u00dakra\u00ednu og Evr\u00f3pu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ilyin d\u00e1\u00f0i Mussolini og var vonsvikinn a\u00f0 \u00cdtalir hef\u00f0u fundi\u00f0 upp fasismann en ekki R\u00fassar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hann heims\u00f3tti Mussolini og leit svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 hugrakkir menn g\u00e6tu breytt afmyndu\u00f0um veruleika heimsins, me\u00f0 hugr\u00f6kkum a\u00f0ger\u00f0um. A\u00f0 hans \u00e1liti b\u00e1ru or\u00f0 Jes\u00fa: &#8220;D\u00e6mi\u00f0 ekki svo a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e9r ver\u00f0i\u00f0 ekki d\u00e6md&#8221; (Mt 7.1) vott um &#8220;misheppna\u00f0an Gu\u00f0 me\u00f0 glata\u00f0an son.&#8221; \u00d6fugt vi\u00f0 \u00feetta g\u00e6ti dygg\u00f0ugur ma\u00f0ur greint \u00e1 milli g\u00f3\u00f0s og ills og bent \u00e1 andst\u00e6\u00f0inga sem \u00feyrfti a\u00f0 tort\u00edma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ilyin tr\u00fa\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00e9rhver dagur v\u00e6ri d\u00f3msdagur og a\u00f0 \u00feeir sem ekki dr\u00e6pu \u00f3vini s\u00edna, \u00feegar \u00feeim g\u00e6fist t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til, yr\u00f0u sj\u00e1lfir d\u00e6mdir. Og \u00feanga\u00f0 til Gu\u00f0 k\u00e6mi aftur, var \u00fea\u00f0 Ilyin, sem \u00e1kva\u00f0 hverjir \u00feessir \u00f3vinir v\u00e6ru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u00f0 &#8220;elska \u00f3vini&#8221; s\u00edna merkti einmitt \u00f6fugt. \u00cd augum Ilyins skipti k\u00e6rleikurinn \u00f6llu. Kristind\u00f3murinn var lei\u00f0 fyrir r\u00e9tts\u00fdnan heimspeking til a\u00f0 beita ofbeldi \u00ed nafni k\u00e6rleikans. Hann r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tti mor\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fatlendingum svo a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 g\u00e6ti hafi\u00f0 alr\u00e6\u00f0i, sem g\u00e6ti s\u00ed\u00f0ar fengi\u00f0 Gu\u00f0 til s\u00edn \u00e1 n\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ilyin studdi ekki bols\u00e9visma \u00fear sem hann f\u00f3l ekki \u00ed s\u00e9r l\u00e6kningu fyrir \u00f3fullkominn heim, heldur ger\u00f0i l\u00edti\u00f0 anna\u00f0 en a\u00f0 auka s\u00f3ttina. \u00deess vegna \u00fearf a\u00f0 setja af Sov\u00e9tsk og Evr\u00f3psk yfirv\u00f6ld me\u00f0 eldsn\u00f6ggu valdar\u00e1ni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i P\u00fat\u00edns hv\u00edlir \u00e1 \u00feessum kenningum og \u00fe\u00e6r eru ekki fagrar e\u00f0a til \u00feess fallnar a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta l\u00edf manna, hvorki \u00ed R\u00fassneska r\u00edkjasambandinu, n\u00e9 \u00e1 nokkru \u00f6\u00f0ru bygg\u00f0u b\u00f3li \u00ed heimi h\u00e9r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0in er beinl\u00ednis h\u00e6ttuleg og dj\u00f6fulleg \u00ed senn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1074\" height=\"638\" src=\"http:\/\/localhost:8081\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_1409.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3247\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8211; &#8211; &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Grein eftir \u00d6rn B\u00e1r\u00f0 J\u00f3nsson<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vor 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00d6rn B\u00e1r\u00f0ur J\u00f3nsson Greinina getur\u00f0u lesi\u00f0 a\u00f0 baki \u00feessum tengli og\/e\u00f0a hlusta\u00f0 \u00e1 hlj\u00f3\u00f0uppt\u00f6ku sem tekur r\u00famar 8 m\u00edn\u00fatur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[4],"tags":[243,246,291,518,557,602],"class_list":["post-3248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-greinar-og-hugvekjur-articles","tag-gud","tag-gudfraedi","tag-heimurinn","tag-rettlaeti","tag-sidferdi","tag-stjornmal"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3248"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3248\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ornbardur.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}